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Gustav Franz Wagner〔(Sobibor - The Forgotten Revolt )〕 (18 July 1911 – 3 October 1980) was an ''SS-Oberscharführer'' (Staff Sergeant) from Vienna, Austria. Wagner was a starter deputy commander of the Sobibór extermination camp in German-occupied Poland, where more than 200,000 Jews were gassed during Operation Reinhard. Due to his brutality, he was known as "The Beast" and "Wolf" (Yiddish: ''Welfel'').〔Klee, Ernst, Dressen, Willi, Riess, Volker. ''The Good Old Days: The Holocaust as Seen by Its Perpetrators and Bystanders''. ISBN 1-56852-133-2.〕 ==Biography== While living in Austria, Wagner joined the Nazi Party in 1931 as member number 443,217. After being arrested for proscribed National Socialist agitation, he fled to Germany, where he joined the SA and later the SS in the late 1930s.〔Christian Zentner, Friedemann Bedürftig. ''The Encyclopedia of the Third Reich'', p. 1,014. Macmillan, New York, 1991. ISBN 0-02-897502-2〕 In May 1940, Wagner first participated in killing during the Action T4 euthanasia program at Hadamar and Hartheim. Due to his killing experience in T-4, Wagner was assigned to help establish the Sobibór extermination camp in March 1942. Once the gassing installations were completed, Wagner became deputy commandant of the camp under Commandant Franz Stangl.〔 His official title was quartermaster-sergeant of the camp.〔(Sobibor Interviews: Biographies of SS-men )〕〔Yitzhak Arad (1987). ''Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka: The Operation Reinhard Death Camps'', Bloomington: Indiana University Press, pp. 191-192. ISBN 0-253-21305-3〕 Wagner was in charge of selecting which prisoners from the newly arrived transports would be used as slave laborers in and outside the camp, and which would be sent to their deaths in the gas chambers.〔〔 When Wagner was on vacation or attending to duties elsewhere, Karl Frenzel assumed his role within the camp. More than any other officer at Sobibór, Wagner was responsible for the daily interactions with prisoners. Wagner supervised the routine and daily life at Sobibór, and he was one of the most brutal SS officers. Survivors of the camp described him as a cold-blooded sadist.〔 Wagner was known to beat and thrash camp inmates on a regular basis, and to kill Jews without reason or restraint. Inmate Moshe Bahir described him: Erich Bauer would later remark: Inmate Eda Lichtman wrote that on the Jewish fast day of Yom Kippur, Wagner appeared at roll call, selected some prisoners, gave them bread and forced them to eat it. As the prisoners ate the bread, Wagner laughed loudly, enjoying his joke because he knew that these Jews were pious.〔 One of the Sobibór prisoners improvised a song which ironically described camp life (quite the opposite was the truth): ''Wie lustig ist da unser Leben'' translated to English: ''How fun is our life there,'' Wagner enjoyed this song and he forced the prisoners to sing it frequently.〔Yitzhak Arad (1987). ''Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka: The Operation Reinhard Death Camps'', Bloomington: Indiana University Press, p. 230〕 After two Jews escaped from Sobibór in the spring of 1943, Wagner was put in charge of a group of soldiers from the Wehrmacht, who laid down minefields around the camp so as to prevent further escapes. However, these efforts did not prevent another escape, which took form in the Sobibór revolt. Wagner was not present at the camp on the day of the Sobibór revolt (14 October 1943). The inmates knew of Wagner's absence and believed that it would improve their chances of success. Wagner was considered the strictest in terms of prisoner supervision at the camp. After the successful revolt, Wagner was ordered to aid in closing the camp. He helped to dismantle and remove evidence of the camp by ruthlessly commanding the Jewish prisoners who performed this task. For instance, after the ''Arbeitsjuden'' ("worker Jews") had been transported from Treblinka and had successfully torn down the Sobibór barracks, Wagner killed them.〔 Heinrich Himmler considered Wagner to be "one of the most deserving men of Operation Reinhard" ((ドイツ語:einer der verdientesten Männer der Aktion Reinhard)).〔Klee, Ernst: ''Das Personenlexikon zum Dritten Reich. Wer war was vor und nach 1945?''. Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag, Zweite aktualisierte Auflage, Frankfurt am Main 2003 ISBN 3-10-039309-0〕 After Sobibór, Wagner was transferred to Italy, where he participated in the deportation of Jews.〔 After World War II, Gustav Wagner was sentenced to death ''in absentia'', but escaped with Franz Stangl to Brazil. It is speculated that the Vatican helped Wagner to flee to Syria and then to Brazil.〔 Wagner was admitted as a permanent resident on 12 April 1950. Wagner was issued a Brazilian passport on .〔 He lived in Brazil under the pseudonym ''Günther Mendel'' until he was exposed by Simon Wiesenthal and arrested on 30 May 1978. Extradition requests from Israel, Austria and Poland were rejected by Brazil's Attorney General. On 22 June 1979 the Brazilian Supreme Court also rejected a West German extradition request.〔〔 Wagner, in a 1979 BBC interview, showed no remorse for his activities in running the camp, remarking: In October 1980, Wagner was found with a knife in his chest in São Paulo. According to his attorney, Wagner committed suicide. His date of death was determined to be 3 October 1980.〔〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gustav Wagner」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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